A. Normal ICF volume and increased ECF volume
B. Increased ICF volume and markedly decreased ECF volume
C. Increased ICF volume and normal ECF volume
D. Decreased ICF and normal ECF volume
E. Markedly decreased ICF volume and decreased ECF volume
A. Diffusion impairment
B. Respiratory center inhibition
C. Respiratory muscle paralysis
D. Central airway obstruction
E. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A. Acidosis
B. Overdose of insulin into patients with diabetes mellitus
C. Use of β- receptor antagonists
D. Tissue rupture
E. Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
A. diarrhea
B. ketoacidosis
C. renal tubular acidosis
D. hyperkalemia
E. blood dilution
A. pulmonary embolism
B. atelectasis
C. consolidation of lung
D. pleural effusion
E. bronchiectasis
A. PaO2
B. PaCO2
C. PH
D. [HCO —]
E. [H+]
A. Intracellular fluid is decreased,extracellular fluid is increased
B. Intracellular fluid is normal,extracellular fluid is decreased
C. Intracellular fluid is decreased,extracelullar fluid is normal
D. Intracellular fluid is increased,extracellular fluid is decreased
E. Intracellular fluid loss is identical to extracellular fluid loss
A. Isotonic dehydration without treatment may become hypertonic dehydration
B. Isotonic dehydration may become hypotonic dehydration if treated by infusing pure water
C. Isotonic fluid loss can cause isotonic dehydration in a short time
D. Simple isotonic dehydration is not common in the clinic
E. Serum [Na+] is decreased, plasma osmotic pressure is normal
A. Disease of respiratory muscles
B. Obstruction of airways
C. Suppression of respiratory center
D. Pulmonary disease
E. Hysteria
A. Acute heart failure
B. Pulmonary edema
C. Acute hypertension
D. Hemodilution and anaemia
E. Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension