140.When will the new driving laws come into( ).

163.This article introduces us to a number of different( )of what stress is.

A. 　define

B. 　 definitions

C. 　 definition

D. 　 defined

4. Passage 8 Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years)， children are encouraged， but not forced， to ―leave the nest‖ and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children， nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married. Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses through other friends， at jobs， and in organizations and religious institutions. Although children choose their own spouses， they still hope their parents will approve of their choices. In many families， parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his father‘s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father‘s workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family. Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self – reliance and independence. A son is unwilling to work in his father‘s business mainly because( ).

A. 　 he wishes to make full use in school

B. 　 he wants to prove his independence

C. 　 he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve of

D. 　 he wants to show his love for his parents

27.All the teachers are asked to work out a teaching plan for this( )year.

A. 　scholarly

B. 　 academic

C. 　 science

D. 　 theoretical

132.Coffee is said to have( )effects.

A. 　promoting

B. 　 stimulating

C. 　 encouraging

D. 　 enhancing

63.When children( )difficulties on their own， they develop new skills and a strong belief in their abilities.

A. 　overcome

B. 　 encounter

C. 　 overthrow

D. 　 overwhelm

114.John had never been abroad before，( )he found the business trip very exciting.

A. 　because

B. 　 though

C. 　 so

D. 　 while

10、Translation 10 If you are feeling that life just cannot be any worse for you， it can be challenging to think positive thoughts. When we are stressed， depressed， upset， or otherwise in a negative state of mind because we perceive that “bad things” keep happening to us， it is important to shift those negative thoughts to something positive. If you start with one small， positive thing and repeat it during the course of your day， you will begin to move into a more positive situation: positive thoughts， feelings， opportunities and people will start showing up in your life. With practice， you will find that over time， you will change your outlook and choose to be happy， regardless of the events around you.

190.I like Mr. Miner‘s speech; it was clear and( )the point.

A. 　at

B. 　 on

C. 　 to

D. 　 off

21.If there is no refrigerator， you can use salt to( )food such as meat， which is a common practice in rural area.

A. 　protect

B. 　 conserve

C. 　 store

D. 　 keep

144.They came and gave us a( )( )as to the value of our house.

A. 　replace

B. 　 wrap

C. 　 ditch

D. 　 estimate