199.The students will put off the math until next week，( )they won‘t be so busy.

4. Passage 7 Greek soldiers sent messages by turning their shields toward the sun. The flashes reflected light could be seen several miles away. The enemy did not know what the flashes meant， but other Greek soldiers could understand the message. Roman soldiers in some places built long rows of signal towers. When they had a message to send， the soldiers shouted it from tower to tower. If there were enough towers and soldiers with loud voices， important news could be sent quickly over distance. In Africa， people learn to send messages by beating on a series of large drums. Each drum was kept within hearing distance of the next one. The drum beats were sent out in a special way that all the drummers understood. Though the messages were simple， they could be sent at great speed for hundreds of miles. In the eighteenth century， a French engineer found a new way to send short messages. In this way， a person held a flag in each hand and the arms were moved to various positions representing different letters of the alphabet. It was like spelling out words with flags and arms. Over a long period of time， people sent messages by all these different ways. However， not until the telephone was invented in America in the nineteenth century could people send speeches sounds over a great distance in just a few seconds. The( )way of communication made use of visible signs.

A. 　French

B. 　 Roman

C. 　 African

D. 　 American

3. Passage 15 There is a commonly held myth that Einstein was an underachiever at school， but it really isn＇t true. While he may have had difficulties with languages， Einstein excelled in physics， mathematics and music. Einstein held many patents and was a keen inventor. While working at Swiss patent office in Bern he took it upon himself to write his own scientific papers in his spare time， mostly at weekends and in the evenings after work. 1905 was Einstein＇s miracle year. During this year he wrote three fundamental papers， any of which would have guaranteed him immortality in the world of physics. His first was on a new understanding of the structure of light. Einstein argued that light is composed of small particles of energy， called photons， as well as oscillating waves. The second paper built upon the theory of kinetics. Einstein explained how atoms were responsible for the buffeting of particles of material in suspension， like cigarette smoke suspended in air. This paper presented the first direct evidence for the existence of atoms， vindicating an idea that had been around for over 2000 years. His third paper of 1905 was ―On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies‖. Here Einstein derived the theory of ―special relativity‖. In a supplementary paper four months later， he formulated the famous equation， E=mc2， where mass and energy are equivalent， showing that a very small amount of mass converts to a huge amount of energy. This is the driving force behind atomic bombs， and all the stars in the Universe. What effect did Einstein‘s second paper have?

A. 　It explained how light was composed of.

B. 　It explained how cigarette smoke suspended in air.

C. 　It provided direct evidence to oppose the existence of atoms.

D. 　It proved an idea that remained unclear for over 2000 years.

8、Translation 8 Air pollution can spread from city to city. It even spreads from one country to another. So air pollution is really a global problem. Air pollution may kill people， especially babies， older people， and those who have diseases with their breath. Air pollution increases the risks of certain lung diseases. There are other possible health dangers from air pollution that we don‘t know much about. For example， scientists are trying to find out whether chemicals that reach us from the air may cause changes in our cells. These changes might cause babies to be born with serious birth defects. Scientists are trying to learn how all the chemicals we are apt to take into our body work.

52.It takes a( )amount of time and energy to achieve proficiency ( 精 通 ) in a foreign language.

A. 　considerate

B. 　 considerable

C. 　 plentiful

D. 　 substantial

30.The elephant is the largest land animal( ).

A. 　in practice

B. 　 in existence

C. 　 in turn

D. 　 in common

103.The whole class( )laughing when Tom came into the classroom dressed up like Santa Claus.

A. 　put right

B. 　 burst out

C. 　 foul up

D. 　 bear down on

179.( )much trouble with the job， you could come to her for help.

A. 　Had you

B. 　 You will have

C. 　 Will you

D. 　 You had

86.You have to( )with the fact that you are no longer as strong as you were.

A. 　live

B. 　 cope

C. 　 meet

D. 　 dispose

79.Her angeraway when she read his letter of apology.

A. 　eliminated

B. 　 dispensed

C. 　 overtook

D. 　 melted

45.During our stay in Europe we visited many places of( )spots， including several castles.

A. 　historic

B. 　 history

C. 　 histrionic

D. 　 historical