1、Passage 7Greek soldiers sent messages by turning their shields toward the sun. The flashes reflected
light could be seen several miles away. The enemy did not know what the flashes meant, but other
Greek soldiers could understand the message.
Roman soldiers in some places built long rows of signal towers. When they had a message to
send, the soldiers shouted it from tower to tower. If there were enough towers and soldiers with
loud voices, important news could be sent quickly over distance.
In Africa, people learn to send messages by beating on a series of large drums. Each drum
was kept within hearing distance of the next one. The drum beats were sent out in a special way
that all the drummers understood. Though the messages were simple, they could be sent at great
speed for hundreds of miles.
In the eighteenth century, a French engineer found a new way to send short messages. In this
way, a person held a flag in each hand and the arms were moved to various positions representing
different letters of the alphabet. It was like spelling out words with flags and arms.
Over a long period of time, people sent messages by all these different ways. However, not
until the telephone was invented in America in the nineteenth century could people send speeches
sounds over a great distance in just a few seconds.
3. The African way of communication sent messages _________.

10、14、

A. Thus

B. But

C. Therefore

D. Then

7、6、

A. time

B. human

C. money

D. language

128.It is so difficult to( )the bottom of the ocean because some parts are very deep.

A. 　express

B. 　 estimate

C. 　 explore

D. 　 explode

8、14、

A. this

B. these

C. it

D. they

146.This company is closing up, so lots of workers will be laid( ).

A. 　down

B. 　 out

C. 　 off

D. 　 aside

184.I prefer to keep reporters( )a distance to give myself some quiet moments.

A. 　against

B. 　 at

C. 　 in

D. 　 from

11.For wildlife enthusiasts the journey is( )—- the region is known for its sea birds.

A. 　delighted

B. 　 pleased

C. 　 worthy

D. 　 worthwhile

1、Passage 13<The favorite food in the United States is hamburger. The favorite place to buy a hamburger is
a fast food restaurant. At a fast food restaurant, people order their food, wait a few minutes, and
carry it to their tables themselves. People also take their food out of the restaurant and eat it in
their cars or in their homes. At some fast food restaurants, people can order their food, pay for it
and pick it up without leaving their cars.
There are many kinds of fast food restaurants in the United States. The greatest in number
sell hamburgers, French fries and so on. They are popular food among Americans. Besides, Italian
food, chicken, seafood and ice-cream are very popular, too. The idea of a fast food restaurant is so
popular that nearly every kind of food can be found in one.
Fast food restaurants are popular because they reflect American life style. Customers can
wear any type of dress when they go to a fast food place. Second, they are fast. People who are
busy do not want to spend time preparing their own food or waiting while someone prepares it. In
fast food restaurants the food is usually ready before the customer even orders it. Finally most
food in a fast food restaurant is not expensive. Therefore people are able to buy and eat at a fast
food restaurant often, while they may not be able to go to a more expensive restaurant very often.
5. Seafood and ice-cream are served at all fast food restaurants, aren＇t they?

A. 　Certainly.

B. 　 Yes, they are.

C. 　 No, at many of them.

D. 　 No, only at few of them.

144.They came and gave us a( )( )as to the value of our house.

A. 　replace

B. 　 wrap

C. 　 ditch

D. 　 estimate

1、Passage 17
Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human conditions is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with life changes and daily hassles. People with strong
social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support ― financial aid, material resources and needed services — that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.1.Interpersonal relationships are important because( ).

A. 　they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc.

B. 　they help people to cope with life in the information era

C. 　they awaken people‘s desire to exchange resources

D. 　they are indispensable to people‘s social well-being