4.The price of beer ()from 50 cents to $ 4 per liter during the summer season.

47.From then on， a sound system of Party Committee meetings was()in all leading bodies.

A. 　constructed

B. 　instituted

C. 　confirmed

D. 　given up

33. Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.To write his 2010 book， The 5-Factor World Diet， nutritionist Harley Pasternak traveled to the healthiest countries around the world to learn more about what made their meals extra nourishing.He noted that Japanese people ate a wonderful variety of seaweeds， and that Chinese people tried to include at least five different colors in every meal.Pasternak also came away with some valuable observations about how different the North American way of life was， compared with many other countries.For starters， Americans eat much bigger portions than people in other countries.“We don’t prioritize eating seasonally or locally， and we also add lots of salt， sugar and thickening agents to our foods，” explained Pasternak.Contrast that to the healthy Mediterranean， Nordic and Okinawan diets listed in Pasternak＇s book.They all seem to stick to the ethos (特质)of regional， seasonal produce.For example， a traditional Mediterranean diet includes fruits， vegetables， whole grains， nuts and olive oil as the main components of nutritional intake.Fish， chicken and red wine make moderate appearances， while red meat， salt and sugar are used much less often.The benefits of a traditional Mediterranean diet have been studied since the 1970s， and researchers have found that living that olive oil life can help people lose weight， lower their heart disease risk and reverse diabetes.Most other healthy eating cultures also make meals an event—say， multiple courses around the family table， or a glass or two of red wine at a long lunch—opposed to hastily wolfing down handfuls of cereal above the kitchen sink and calling it dinner.Each of the healthy eating cultures has its own unique feature.But Pasternak did take note of one unifying factor in all of the healthy societies he observed.“The only overlapping feature in most of these healthy countries is that they all walk way more than the average American，” said Pasternak.“So really， regardless of what you’re eating， if someone’s walking four miles more than you each day， they are going to be a lot thinner and live a lot longer than you.”What features in Mediterranean， Nordic and Okinawan diets?

A. 　Fruits and vegetables.C)Seasonal local produce.

B. 　Olive oil and red wine.D)Unprocessed ingredients.

C. 　Seasonal local produce.

D. 　Unprocessed ingredients.

36.I make notes in the back of my diary()things to be mended or replaced.

A. 　by

B. 　in

C. 　with

D. 　of

35.You don’t have to pay for your flights: they’re ()in the price of your holiday.

A. 　concluded

B. 　held

C. 　settled

D. 　included

2. Passage Twenty-OneWhat will man be like in the future—in 5，000 or even 50，000 years from now? We can only make guesses， of course， but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today.For man is slowly changing all the time.Let us take an obvious example.Man， even five hundred years ago， was shorter than he is today.Now， on average， men are about three inches taller.Five hundred years is relatively short period of time， so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller.Again， in the modern world we use our brains a great deal.Even so， we still make use of only about 20% of the brain’s capacity.As time goes on， however， we shall have to use our brains more and more， and eventually we shall need larger ones.This is likely to bring about a physical change to the head， in particular the forehead will grow larger.Nowadays our eyes are in constant use.In fact， we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses.But over very long period of time it is likely that man’s eyes will grow stronger.On the other hand， we tend to make less use of our arms and legs.These， as a result， are likely to grow weaker.At the same time， however， our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life.But what about hair? It will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer.In the future， then， both sexes are likely to be bald.Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at.This may well be true.All the same， in spite of all these changes， future man will still have a lot in common with us.He will still be a human being， with thoughts and emotions similar to our own.The evidence that man is changing is that ().

44.Most people prefer ()money to ()it.

A. 　spending...earn

B. 　to spend...earning

C. 　spending...being earned

D. 　spending...earning

5. Passage Thirty-TwoHave you ever heard of a pawpaw (木瓜)? If not， do not feel bad.Many Americans do not know of the fruit， although it is native to the U.S.Once， however， it was one of the most popular fruits in North America.Happily， those who love the pawpaw are trying to return it to its former position in American foods.A pawpaw is a tropical fruit that used to be grown along the East Coast from New York to Florida and all over the eastern U.S.At one time， it could be found as far west as Nebraska.The pawpaw was an important food for Native Americans and even early European settlers.Pawpaws reportedly were a favorite treat of George Washington， the first U.S.president， who especially liked them cold.Thomas Jefferson， the third U.S.president， was also a fan of the fruit.He planted pawpaws at his home in Virginia.He also sent pawpaw seeds to his friends in France.American explorers Lewis and Clark wrote in their journals about the pawpaw.The pawpaw is difficult to be sold commercially.The fruit requires a very special environment—low， wet areas that sometimes flood.It has a very short harvest season， from two to three weeks in September and October.In addition， the fruit is good to eat for only two to three days after harvesting.This makes it hard to sell anywhere distant from the pawpaw tree it comes from.Planters are again growing pawpaw trees and harvesting the fruit.In several states farmers have organized “pawpaw festivals” to reintroduce people to food.At such a festival in Maryland recently， farmers displayed different products made with pawpaws， like pawpaw jams， pies， ice-cream and beer.Pawpaw festivals are organized in some states ().

18.Some diseases are ()by certain water animals.

A. 　transplanted

B. 　transformed

C. 　transported

D. 　transmitted

32.He ()on this essay for half an hour but he has written only about a hundred words.

A. 　was working

B. 　had worked

C. 　has been working

D. 　worked

22.His scientific discoveries have been as important as ()of Sir Isaac Newton.

A. 　ones

B. 　that

C. 　those

D. 　these