37.Tom returned to his house after a holiday， only to find it ().

5. Passage TenNowadays， children heavily cling to digital devices such as computers and smart phones.Some spend up to six hours a day on their digital devices.They can be playing games online with people elsewhere， updating their status on social media， texting friends， or looking for the latest apps to download to their computers or smart phones.This worried Martin Strott.He is the headmaster of the Old Hall School in Wellington， England.He was so concerned that he challenged his students to take part in a week of (“digital detox”)， a program to reduce their reliance on digital devices.Mr.Strott told the local newspaper， the Shropshire Star， that too much screen time would affect the development of their social skills.At another interview with a magazine， he mentioned that this over-reliance on digital devices “takes away family time and reduces their chances of face-to-face communication”.The parents are happy with the program.But what about the children? Nine-year-old Fred usually spends around two hours on his digital devices at home after school and around 12 hours on weekends.For him， the digital detox experience was “really hard”.He said that he had been engaged in many interesting outdoor activities organized by the headmaster， but still missed his phone and online games.The idea of keeping children away from their digital devices for a while to prevent too much dependence on them is not particularly new.There have been similar practices in the United States.But are they effective in the long run? According to Mr.Strott， even if kids go back to their digital devices， the hope is that at least they will think about how they will use their time.What is the passage mainly about?

4. Passage TwentyAll friendships require a certain amount of chemistry.But when two people of the opposite sex become friends， sometimes those friendly feelings can start to resemble something more like sexual tension.Male-female friendships can be an emotional minefield of hidden desires.Does this mean you secretly want to jump into bed with all of your friends? Of course not.But do you ever wonder how many of them might be interested if the opportunity presented itself? Maybe you and your platonic (柏拉图式的)friendship are just a bad breakup and a bottle of wine away from crossing that boundary and hooking up (结合).So can two people of the opposite sex ever really be “just friends?” The Hollywood answer to this age-old question is a decisive HELL NO.On screen， male-female friendships always turn into something more.Harry and Sally， Chandler and Monica， Jim and Pam…… Do I need to go on? Even the characters in Just Friends wind up becoming much more than the film’s definitive title suggests.Cinematic stories dictate that when reasonably attractive men and women befriend one another， they are always on the road to romance， whether they realize it or not.But how much truth is there to this friendship as foreplay theory? It is not a whole lot.Real life isn’t a romantic comedy.Men and women go to school together， work together and hang out in plenty of platonic settings without falling hopelessly in love with one another.Last year， a close female friend of mine moved in with a new male roommate.My immediate reaction was， “You two are definitely going to sleep together.” It seemed to me that a single man and woman living under the same roof would inevitably end up doing it.Much to my surprise， the roommate romance never happened.Almost one year later， the two of them have never even come close to seeing each other naked.Instead， their way of life has come to resemble a sexless marriage.They cook for each other， argue over domestic chores and insist that they never， ever think about each other “that way.”In real life， Hollywood foreplay theory ().

32.He ()on this essay for half an hour but he has written only about a hundred words.

A. 　was working

B. 　had worked

C. 　has been working

D. 　worked

3. Passage ElevenDoctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion， unless you learn how to deal with it.They warn that anger can lead to heart disease， stomach problems， headaches， emotional problems and breast cancer.Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.Some people express anger openly in a calm and reasonable way.Others burst with anger， screaming and yelling.But still others keep their anger inside.They cannot or will not express it.This is called (repressing)anger.For years some doctors claim that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous.They say that in both situations the brain of an angry person releases the same hormones (荷尔蒙).They spend the heart rate， raise blood pressure or sugar level in the blood.As a result， the angry person feels excited and is ready to react.The violent reaction may lead to high blood pressure.However， some other doctors argue that repressing anger is more dangerous to a person’s health than expressing it.They believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of heart disease.Most doctors agree that it is important to learn how to deal with anger.They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and recognize the real cause of the anger， then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about.If so， you should not express your anger immediately and try to wait until your anger has cooled down， so that you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.They also believe that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry.After all， it is much healthier to laugh than to get angry.This year a foreign undergraduate student in the University of Oregon should pay ().

36.He pulled a hat down ()his eyes and started walking along the avenue .

A. 　upon

B. 　over

C. 　above

D. 　below

7.Our son doesn＇t know what to()at the university; he can＇t make up his mind about his
future.

A. 　take in

B. 　take up

C. 　take over

D. 　take after

2. Passage SeventeenNo one knows how man learned to make words.Perhaps he began by making sounds like those made by animals.Perhaps he grunted like a pig when he lifted something heavy.Perhaps he made sounds like those he heard all round him——water splashing， bees humming， a stone falling to the ground.Somehow， he learned to make words.As the centuries went by， he made more and more new words.This is what we mean by language.People living in different countries made different kinds of words.Today there are about fifteen hundred different languages in the world.Each contains many thousands of words.A very large English dictionary， for example， contains four or five hundred thousand words.But we do not need all these.Only a few thousand words are used in everyday life.The words you know are called your vocabulary.You should try to make your vocabulary bigger.You’re supposed to read as many books as you can.There are plenty of books written in easy English for you to read.You will enjoy them.When you meet a new word， you should find it in your dictionary.Your dictionary is your most useful book.The number of different languages spoken is about ().

45.You can eat food free in my restaurant ()you like.

A. 　whenever

B. 　wherever

C. 　whatever

D. 　however

3. Passage Thirty-ThreeWe all know that DNA has the ability to identify individuals but， because it is inherited， there are also regions of the DNA strand which can relate an individual to his or her family (immediate and extended)， tribal group and even an entire population.Molecular Genealogy (宗谱学)can use this unique identification provided by the genetic markers to link people together into family trees.Pedigrees (家谱)based on such genetic markers can mean a breakthrough for family trees where information is incomplete or missing due to adoption， illegitimacy or lack of records.There are many communities and populations which have lost precious records due to tragic events such as the fire in the Irish courts during Civil War in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place.The main objective of the Molecular Genealogy Research Group is to build a database containing over 100，000 DNA samples from individuals all over the world.These individuals will have provided a pedigree chart of at least four generations and a small blood sample.Once the database has enough samples to represent the world genetic make-up， it will eventually help in solving many issues regarding genealogies that could not be done by relying only on traditional written records.Theoretically， any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through this database.In the meantime， as the database is being created， molecular genealogy can already verify possible or suspected relationships between individuals.“For example， if two men sharing the same last name believe that they are related， but no written record proves this relationship， we can verify this possibility by collecting a sample of DNA from both and looking for common markers (in this case we can look primarily at the Y chromosome (染色体)，” explains Ugo Perego， a member of the BYU Molecular Genealogy research team.The Molecular Genealogy Research Group is building a database for the purpose of ().

4. Passage ThirteenTrees are useful to man in three important ways: they provide him with wood and other products; they give him shade; and they help to prevent droughts and floods.Unfortunately， in many parts of the world， man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important.In his eagerness to make money from trees， he has cut them down in large numbers， only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had.And besides， he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees.So the forests slowly disappear.This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees.The results are even more serious: for where there are trees， their roots break up soil——allowing the rain to sink in——and also bind the soil， thus preventing it from being washed away easily; but where there are no trees， the rain falls on hard ground and flows away， causing floods and carrying away the rich topsoil.When all the topsoil is gone， nothing remains but worthless desert.Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships， with which to gain itself an empire.It set up the empire but， without its trees， its soil became poor and it grew weak.When the empire fell into pieces， there is nothing left except floods and starvation.Why does land become desert after all trees are cut down?