4. Passage FifteenBig data can be defined as information that is too big or complex to be contained or processed by any one machine or person.As a student at the University of Sussex， Julian Dailly had two majors——English and philosophy.When he completed his studies， Dailly wondered how he would ever earn a living in a world filled with machines and technology.Now， he is part of the big data industry that includes Google and Facebook.Dailly’s research company， Monar Consulting， started three years ago with five employees.The company’s earnings have increased by 25% each year.It now employs 90 people.“What we do here is we try to discover what’s meaningful for people and link that to their economic behavior，” Dailly said.He noted the importance of working with people with different skills.“We have people from traditional research backgrounds， in addition to some in social sciences， economics， people from tech backgrounds， and sales people，” Dailly said.Companies like Dailly’s employ recent college graduates.The industry profits from the ideas of these young men and women.New forms of data also make it possible for some observers to predict the future.They are more valuable to companies than the traditional forms of data recording or reporting.“We have access to the core information inside people’s heads，” Dailly said， “They tell you what people are going to do as opposed to what they’ve done.That helps people take proper action in advance.This makes it much more useful for strategy.”Julian Dailly dismisses concerns that computers have finally taken control of our daily lives.“Some may worry that humans will be allowed to be replaced by machines.I think it’s a fantasy.”The company is aimed at making use of the information to help people ().

33. Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The United States is facing a housing crisis: Affordable housing is inadequate， while luxury homes abound (充裕)， and homelessness remains a persistent problem.Despite this， popular culture and the housing industry market happiness as living with both more space and more amenities (便利设施).Big houses are advertized as a reward for hard work and diligence， turning housing from a basic necessity into a luxury.This is reflected in our homes.The average single-family home built in the United States before 1970 was less than 1，500 square feet in size.By 2016， the average size of a new， single-family home was 2，422 square feet.What’s more， homes built in the 2000s were more likely than earlier models to have more of all types of spaces: bedrooms， bathrooms， living rooms， dining rooms， recreation rooms and garages.There are consequences of living big.As middle-class houses have grown larger， two things have happened.First， large houses take time to maintain， so cleaners and other low-wage service workers are required to keep these houses in order.Second， once-public spaces， where people from diverse backgrounds used to come together， have increasingly become privatized， leading to a reduction in the number of public facilities available to all， and a reduced quality of life for many.Take swimming pools.While in 1950， only 2，500 U.S.families owned pools， by 1999 this number was 4 million.At the same time， public municipal pools were often closed， leaving low-income people nowhere to swim.The trend for bigger housing thus poses ethical questions.Should Americans accept a system in which the middle and upper classes enjoy a luxurious lifestyle， using the low-wage labor of others? Are we willing to accept a system in which an increase in amenities purchased by the affluent means a reduction in amenities for the poor?I believe neither is acceptable.We must change the way we think: living well does not need to mean having more private spaces; instead， it could mean having more public spaces.A better goal than building bigger houses for some is to create more publicly accessible spaces and amenities for all.What questions arise from living big?

A. 　Questions related to moral principles.

B. 　Questions having to do with labor cost.

C. 　Questions about what lifestyle to promote.

D. 　Questions concerning housing development.

5.Between 1974 and 1997， the number of overseas visitors expanded ()27%.

A. 　by

B. 　for

C. 　to

D. 　in

7.He is ()about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.

A. 　optimistic

B. 　optional

C. 　outstanding

D. 　obvious

22.His scientific discoveries have been as important as ()of Sir Isaac Newton.

A. 　ones

B. 　that

C. 　those

D. 　these

32.Things might have been much worse if the mother ()on her right to keep the baby.

A. 　has been insisting

B. 　had insisted

C. 　would insist

D. 　insisted

1. Passage Twenty-NineHow can we get rid of garbage (垃圾)? Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs? These are two important questions that many people are asking today.Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time.They suggest using garbage as an energy source， and at the same time it can save the land to hold garbage.For a long time， people buried garbage or dumped (倾倒)it on empty land.Now， empty land is scarce.But more and more garbage is produced each year.However， garbage can be a good fuel to use.The things in garbage do not look like coal， petroleum， or natural gas; but they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels.As we use up our fossil-fuel supplies， we might be able to use garbage as an energy source.Burning garbage is not a new idea.Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years.The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water.The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings.In Paris， France， some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the city’s garbage each year.The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil.Our fossil fuel supplies are limited.Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs.This method could also reduce the amount of garbage piling up on the earth.What two problems can man solve by burning garbage?

45.If we combine our efforts， we can cut down the time needed to complete the project.

43.Don’t look down upon a person only because he failed an examination.

32.Great changes have taken place in my hometown since the 1980s.Still ()changes will take place in the future.

A. 　greater

B. 　great

C. 　more great

D. 　greatest

1. Passage Twenty-EightOn November 19， 1863， Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery.The Civil War was still going on.There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time.He was not at all popular.He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness.The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett， a famous statesman and speaker of the day.Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg.Late that night， alone in his hotel room and tired out， he again worked briefly on the speech.The next day Everett spoke first.He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes.His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day.Then Lincoln rose.The crowd of 15，000 people at first paid little attention to him.He spoke for only nine minutes.At the end there was little applause.Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked， “I have failed again.” On the train back to Washington， he said sadly， “That speech was a flat failure， and the people are disappointed”.Some newspapers at first criticized the speech， but little by little as people read the speech， they began to understand better.They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning.It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.Today， every American school child learns Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address by heart.Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history.In 1863， Abraham Lincoln was ().