3. Passage SixteenJustin was always prepared.His motto was “Never throw anything out， you never know when it might come in handy.” His bedroom was so full of flat bicycle tires， bent tennis rackets， deflated basketballs， and games with missing pieces that you could barely get in the door.His parents pleaded him to clean out his room.“What use is a fish tank with a hole in the bottom?” his father asked.But Justin simply smiled and repeated his motto， “Never throw anything out， you never know when it might come in handy.”When Justin was away from home， he always carried his blue backpack.He liked to think of it as a smaller version of his bedroom——a place to store the many objects that he collected.It was so worn and stretched that it hardly resembled a backpack anymore.It was full of the kind of things that seemed unimportant， but when used with a little imagination， might come in handy.Justin had earned a reputation for figuring things out and getting people out of otherwise hopeless situations.Many of his classmates and neighbors sought him out when they needed help with a problem.On the first day of school， his friend Kenny， came looking for Justin.“Do you think you have something in your bag that could help me remember my locker combination?” he asked.“I lost the paper it was written on.I have science class in two minutes and if I’m late on the first day it’ll make me look bad for the rest of the year.” Kenny looked genuinely worried.“Relax，” Justin said， taking his backpack off and opened it.“Remember how you borrowed my notebook in homeroom to write the code down? Well， I know how we can recover what you wrote.”He took the notebook and a soft lead pencil out of his bag.The page that Kenny had written on had left faint indentations (旧凹痕)on another page in the notebook.Justin held the pencil on its side and rubbed it lightly over the indentations.Slowly but surely the numbers of the locker combination appeared in white， set off by the gray pencil rubbings.“That’s amazing!” Kenny said.“I owe you one.” And he dashed off to open his locker.How does Justin help his friends?

4. Passage SixteenJustin was always prepared.His motto was “Never throw anything out， you never know when it might come in handy.” His bedroom was so full of flat bicycle tires， bent tennis rackets， deflated basketballs， and games with missing pieces that you could barely get in the door.His parents pleaded him to clean out his room.“What use is a fish tank with a hole in the bottom?” his father asked.But Justin simply smiled and repeated his motto， “Never throw anything out， you never know when it might come in handy.”When Justin was away from home， he always carried his blue backpack.He liked to think of it as a smaller version of his bedroom——a place to store the many objects that he collected.It was so worn and stretched that it hardly resembled a backpack anymore.It was full of the kind of things that seemed unimportant， but when used with a little imagination， might come in handy.Justin had earned a reputation for figuring things out and getting people out of otherwise hopeless situations.Many of his classmates and neighbors sought him out when they needed help with a problem.On the first day of school， his friend Kenny， came looking for Justin.“Do you think you have something in your bag that could help me remember my locker combination?” he asked.“I lost the paper it was written on.I have science class in two minutes and if I’m late on the first day it’ll make me look bad for the rest of the year.” Kenny looked genuinely worried.“Relax，” Justin said， taking his backpack off and opened it.“Remember how you borrowed my notebook in homeroom to write the code down? Well， I know how we can recover what you wrote.”He took the notebook and a soft lead pencil out of his bag.The page that Kenny had written on had left faint indentations (旧凹痕)on another page in the notebook.Justin held the pencil on its side and rubbed it lightly over the indentations.Slowly but surely the numbers of the locker combination appeared in white， set off by the gray pencil rubbings.“That’s amazing!” Kenny said.“I owe you one.” And he dashed off to open his locker.How come Justin could help Kenny recover his locker combination?

5. Passage SixteenJustin was always prepared.His motto was “Never throw anything out， you never know when it might come in handy.” His bedroom was so full of flat bicycle tires， bent tennis rackets， deflated basketballs， and games with missing pieces that you could barely get in the door.His parents pleaded him to clean out his room.“What use is a fish tank with a hole in the bottom?” his father asked.But Justin simply smiled and repeated his motto， “Never throw anything out， you never know when it might come in handy.”When Justin was away from home， he always carried his blue backpack.He liked to think of it as a smaller version of his bedroom——a place to store the many objects that he collected.It was so worn and stretched that it hardly resembled a backpack anymore.It was full of the kind of things that seemed unimportant， but when used with a little imagination， might come in handy.Justin had earned a reputation for figuring things out and getting people out of otherwise hopeless situations.Many of his classmates and neighbors sought him out when they needed help with a problem.On the first day of school， his friend Kenny， came looking for Justin.“Do you think you have something in your bag that could help me remember my locker combination?” he asked.“I lost the paper it was written on.I have science class in two minutes and if I’m late on the first day it’ll make me look bad for the rest of the year.” Kenny looked genuinely worried.“Relax，” Justin said， taking his backpack off and opened it.“Remember how you borrowed my notebook in homeroom to write the code down? Well， I know how we can recover what you wrote.”He took the notebook and a soft lead pencil out of his bag.The page that Kenny had written on had left faint indentations (旧凹痕)on another page in the notebook.Justin held the pencil on its side and rubbed it lightly over the indentations.Slowly but surely the numbers of the locker combination appeared in white， set off by the gray pencil rubbings.“That’s amazing!” Kenny said.“I owe you one.” And he dashed off to open his locker.The author’s purpose in writing this story is to ().

1. Passage SeventeenNo one knows how man learned to make words.Perhaps he began by making sounds like those made by animals.Perhaps he grunted like a pig when he lifted something heavy.Perhaps he made sounds like those he heard all round him——water splashing， bees humming， a stone falling to the ground.Somehow， he learned to make words.As the centuries went by， he made more and more new words.This is what we mean by language.People living in different countries made different kinds of words.Today there are about fifteen hundred different languages in the world.Each contains many thousands of words.A very large English dictionary， for example， contains four or five hundred thousand words.But we do not need all these.Only a few thousand words are used in everyday life.The words you know are called your vocabulary.You should try to make your vocabulary bigger.You’re supposed to read as many books as you can.There are plenty of books written in easy English for you to read.You will enjoy them.When you meet a new word， you should find it in your dictionary.Your dictionary is your most useful book.From this passage， we know that ().

2. Passage SeventeenNo one knows how man learned to make words.Perhaps he began by making sounds like those made by animals.Perhaps he grunted like a pig when he lifted something heavy.Perhaps he made sounds like those he heard all round him——water splashing， bees humming， a stone falling to the ground.Somehow， he learned to make words.As the centuries went by， he made more and more new words.This is what we mean by language.People living in different countries made different kinds of words.Today there are about fifteen hundred different languages in the world.Each contains many thousands of words.A very large English dictionary， for example， contains four or five hundred thousand words.But we do not need all these.Only a few thousand words are used in everyday life.The words you know are called your vocabulary.You should try to make your vocabulary bigger.You’re supposed to read as many books as you can.There are plenty of books written in easy English for you to read.You will enjoy them.When you meet a new word， you should find it in your dictionary.Your dictionary is your most useful book.The number of different languages spoken is about ().

3. Passage SeventeenNo one knows how man learned to make words.Perhaps he began by making sounds like those made by animals.Perhaps he grunted like a pig when he lifted something heavy.Perhaps he made sounds like those he heard all round him——water splashing， bees humming， a stone falling to the ground.Somehow， he learned to make words.As the centuries went by， he made more and more new words.This is what we mean by language.People living in different countries made different kinds of words.Today there are about fifteen hundred different languages in the world.Each contains many thousands of words.A very large English dictionary， for example， contains four or five hundred thousand words.But we do not need all these.Only a few thousand words are used in everyday life.The words you know are called your vocabulary.You should try to make your vocabulary bigger.You’re supposed to read as many books as you can.There are plenty of books written in easy English for you to read.You will enjoy them.When you meet a new word， you should find it in your dictionary.Your dictionary is your most useful book.People from different countries ().

4. Passage SeventeenNo one knows how man learned to make words.Perhaps he began by making sounds like those made by animals.Perhaps he grunted like a pig when he lifted something heavy.Perhaps he made sounds like those he heard all round him——water splashing， bees humming， a stone falling to the ground.Somehow， he learned to make words.As the centuries went by， he made more and more new words.This is what we mean by language.People living in different countries made different kinds of words.Today there are about fifteen hundred different languages in the world.Each contains many thousands of words.A very large English dictionary， for example， contains four or five hundred thousand words.But we do not need all these.Only a few thousand words are used in everyday life.The words you know are called your vocabulary.You should try to make your vocabulary bigger.You’re supposed to read as many books as you can.There are plenty of books written in easy English for you to read.You will enjoy them.When you meet a new word， you should find it in your dictionary.Your dictionary is your most useful book.Man ()to make sounds.

5. Passage SeventeenNo one knows how man learned to make words.Perhaps he began by making sounds like those made by animals.Perhaps he grunted like a pig when he lifted something heavy.Perhaps he made sounds like those he heard all round him——water splashing， bees humming， a stone falling to the ground.Somehow， he learned to make words.As the centuries went by， he made more and more new words.This is what we mean by language.People living in different countries made different kinds of words.Today there are about fifteen hundred different languages in the world.Each contains many thousands of words.A very large English dictionary， for example， contains four or five hundred thousand words.But we do not need all these.Only a few thousand words are used in everyday life.The words you know are called your vocabulary.You should try to make your vocabulary bigger.You’re supposed to read as many books as you can.There are plenty of books written in easy English for you to read.You will enjoy them.When you meet a new word， you should find it in your dictionary.Your dictionary is your most useful book.You can enlarge your vocabulary by ().

1. Passage EighteenAn idea that started in Seattle’s public library has spread throughout America and beyond.The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求)to be enjoyed by all， the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus， as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched the “If All of Seattle Read the Same Book” project in 1998.Her original program used author visits， study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book， but the idea has expanded to many other American cities， and even to Hong Kong.In Chicago， the mayor appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the “One Book， One Chicago” program.As a result， reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city.Across the US， stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about the plot and character.The only problem arose in New York， where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns， where a greater sense of unity can be achieved.Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point， putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than into discussion about a book itself.Ultimately， as Nancy points out， the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book， but by how many people are enriched by the process， or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have (shared a word).What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy?

2. Passage EighteenAn idea that started in Seattle’s public library has spread throughout America and beyond.The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求)to be enjoyed by all， the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus， as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched the “If All of Seattle Read the Same Book” project in 1998.Her original program used author visits， study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book， but the idea has expanded to many other American cities， and even to Hong Kong.In Chicago， the mayor appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the “One Book， One Chicago” program.As a result， reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city.Across the US， stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about the plot and character.The only problem arose in New York， where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns， where a greater sense of unity can be achieved.Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point， putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than into discussion about a book itself.Ultimately， as Nancy points out， the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book， but by how many people are enriched by the process， or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have (shared a word).Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project?

3. Passage EighteenAn idea that started in Seattle’s public library has spread throughout America and beyond.The concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求)to be enjoyed by all， the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus， as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched the “If All of Seattle Read the Same Book” project in 1998.Her original program used author visits， study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book， but the idea has expanded to many other American cities， and even to Hong Kong.In Chicago， the mayor appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the “One Book， One Chicago” program.As a result， reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city.Across the US， stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about the plot and character.The only problem arose in New York， where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.This may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns， where a greater sense of unity can be achieved.Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point， putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than into discussion about a book itself.Ultimately， as Nancy points out， the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book， but by how many people are enriched by the process， or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have (shared a word).According to the passage， where would the project be more easily carried out?