5. Passage SeventeenNo one knows how man learned to make words.Perhaps he began by making sounds like those made by animals.Perhaps he grunted like a pig when he lifted something heavy.Perhaps he made sounds like those he heard all round him——water splashing， bees humming， a stone falling to the ground.Somehow， he learned to make words.As the centuries went by， he made more and more new words.This is what we mean by language.People living in different countries made different kinds of words.Today there are about fifteen hundred different languages in the world.Each contains many thousands of words.A very large English dictionary， for example， contains four or five hundred thousand words.But we do not need all these.Only a few thousand words are used in everyday life.The words you know are called your vocabulary.You should try to make your vocabulary bigger.You’re supposed to read as many books as you can.There are plenty of books written in easy English for you to read.You will enjoy them.When you meet a new word， you should find it in your dictionary.Your dictionary is your most useful book.You can enlarge your vocabulary by ().

4. Passage TenNowadays， children heavily cling to digital devices such as computers and smart phones.Some spend up to six hours a day on their digital devices.They can be playing games online with people elsewhere， updating their status on social media， texting friends， or looking for the latest apps to download to their computers or smart phones.This worried Martin Strott.He is the headmaster of the Old Hall School in Wellington， England.He was so concerned that he challenged his students to take part in a week of (“digital detox”)， a program to reduce their reliance on digital devices.Mr.Strott told the local newspaper， the Shropshire Star， that too much screen time would affect the development of their social skills.At another interview with a magazine， he mentioned that this over-reliance on digital devices “takes away family time and reduces their chances of face-to-face communication”.The parents are happy with the program.But what about the children? Nine-year-old Fred usually spends around two hours on his digital devices at home after school and around 12 hours on weekends.For him， the digital detox experience was “really hard”.He said that he had been engaged in many interesting outdoor activities organized by the headmaster， but still missed his phone and online games.The idea of keeping children away from their digital devices for a while to prevent too much dependence on them is not particularly new.There have been similar practices in the United States.But are they effective in the long run? According to Mr.Strott， even if kids go back to their digital devices， the hope is that at least they will think about how they will use their time.How did Fred feel about his “digital detox” experience?

1. Passage ThirtyThe Chinese have used a method called acupuncture (针灸)to help perform operations for about 4， 000 years without putting the patient to sleep.This involves inserting flexible needles into certain parts of the body.The needles are available in a number of stores in China and everyone may buy them.To learn how to use needles takes about one month of training.But to be skillful requires greater time.The person who performs the acupuncture knows how to put in the needles so the needles themselves are not painful.This person also knows where to place the needles so the patient feels no pain in the area where the operation is to be performed.In the past， a particular operation might require 25 or more needles placed in various parts of the body.But now this operation requires only 3 or 4 needles.Today， the Chinese doctors are trying to learn more about acupuncture.They are trying to develop a convincing theory to explain how the needles work in preventing pain， or why a needle in the wrist， for example， would prevent the pain in the area of the mouth.A patient who needs an operation is given a choice between having acupuncture or having one of the chemicals used for putting him to sleep.It has been estimated that over half of the patients choose acupuncture because there is no sickness after the operation whereas the chemical may make the patient sick for a few hours or a day.Acupuncture is ().

46.Ann never dreams of ()for her to be sent abroad very soon.

A. 　there being a chance

B. 　there to be a chance

C. 　there be a chance

D. 　being a chance

5.Between 1974 and 1997， the number of overseas visitors expanded ()27%.

A. 　by

B. 　for

C. 　to

D. 　in

39. Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed — or cursed — with higher-than-average ambition.Ambitious people strongly desire accomplishments and are willing to take more risks and spend more effort to get them.Overall， this is a positive quality， especially for people trying to build their own businesses.Apparently， if you’re more naturally driven to set goals， you are more likely to succeed.Actually， this isn’t always the case.In fact， in some cases， extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good.One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision or end goal.This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances， which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur.If a new competitor emerges to threaten your business， you may need to change direction， even if that means straying from your original vision.If you have too much ambition， you’ll find this hard， if not impossible.Few people are successful when they try to build their first brand.Unfortunately， for the most ambitious entrepreneurs， a failure is seen as disastrous， and impossible to recover from.It’s a clear departure from the intended plan toward the intended goal.For people with limited ambition， however， failure is viewed as something closer to reality.Remember， failure is inevitable， and every failure you survive is a learning experience.Ambitious people tend to be more materialistically successful than their non-ambitious counterparts.However， they’re only slightly happier than their less-ambitious counterparts， and tend to live significantly shorter lives.This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success，” such success means nothing for their health and happiness—and if you don’t have health and happiness， what else could possibly matter?Clearly， some amount of ambition is good for your motivation.Without any ambition， you wouldn＇t start your own business， set or achieve goals and get far in life.But an excess of ambition can also be dangerous， putting you at risk of burnout， stubbornness and even a shorter life.How do the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure in their endeavor?

A. 　It will awaken them to reality.

B. 　It is a lesson they have to learn.

C. 　It means the end of their career.

D. 　It will result in a slow recovery.

10.Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply().

A. 　appreciated

B. 　approved

C. 　appealed

D. 　applied

5. Passage Thirty-TwoHave you ever heard of a pawpaw (木瓜)? If not， do not feel bad.Many Americans do not know of the fruit， although it is native to the U.S.Once， however， it was one of the most popular fruits in North America.Happily， those who love the pawpaw are trying to return it to its former position in American foods.A pawpaw is a tropical fruit that used to be grown along the East Coast from New York to Florida and all over the eastern U.S.At one time， it could be found as far west as Nebraska.The pawpaw was an important food for Native Americans and even early European settlers.Pawpaws reportedly were a favorite treat of George Washington， the first U.S.president， who especially liked them cold.Thomas Jefferson， the third U.S.president， was also a fan of the fruit.He planted pawpaws at his home in Virginia.He also sent pawpaw seeds to his friends in France.American explorers Lewis and Clark wrote in their journals about the pawpaw.The pawpaw is difficult to be sold commercially.The fruit requires a very special environment—low， wet areas that sometimes flood.It has a very short harvest season， from two to three weeks in September and October.In addition， the fruit is good to eat for only two to three days after harvesting.This makes it hard to sell anywhere distant from the pawpaw tree it comes from.Planters are again growing pawpaw trees and harvesting the fruit.In several states farmers have organized “pawpaw festivals” to reintroduce people to food.At such a festival in Maryland recently， farmers displayed different products made with pawpaws， like pawpaw jams， pies， ice-cream and beer.Pawpaw festivals are organized in some states ().

42.We should take an active part in community service， which can enrich our life.

3. Passage Twenty-FiveOnline dating has just been revealed to be one of the most common ways to start a relationship.But new research reveals that the concept is still highly flawed (有缺陷的).An analysis of 400 studies into online dating shows that while it offers access to plenty of other singles， users can be overwhelmed and put off by the volume of choice， defeating the purpose.The research， by Northwestern University and published in the journal Psychological Science in the public interest， found that the processes involved don’t lend themselves to forming strong relationships.The findings also indicated that the concept of an online profile (介绍)is not entirely useful and “can result in treating potential partners as mere objects”.Lead author Eli.J.Finkel explained， “Online dating is a terrific addition for singles to meet.However， there are two problems.” First， studying over seemingly endless lists of profiles of people one does not know， as on Match.com， does not reveal much about them.Second， it “overloads people and they end up shutting down，” he said.He compared it to shopping at “supermarkets of love” and said psychological research shows people presented with too many choices tend to make lazy and often poor decisions.The study’s authors also questioned the algorithms (算法)employed by sites such as eHarmony.com to match people based on their interests or personality—comparing it to having a real estate agent of love.While the algorithm may reduce the number of potential partners from thousands to a few， they may be as unsuitable for each other as two people meeting at random， Dr.Finkel explained， adding the chances are no better than finding a relationship by walking into any bar.“There’s no better way to figure out whether you’re a match with somebody than talking to them over a coffee or beer，” Dr.Finkel said.The phrase “lend themselves to” (Para.3)probably means ().

2. Passage Thirty-TwoHave you ever heard of a pawpaw (木瓜)? If not， do not feel bad.Many Americans do not know of the fruit， although it is native to the U.S.Once， however， it was one of the most popular fruits in North America.Happily， those who love the pawpaw are trying to return it to its former position in American foods.A pawpaw is a tropical fruit that used to be grown along the East Coast from New York to Florida and all over the eastern U.S.At one time， it could be found as far west as Nebraska.The pawpaw was an important food for Native Americans and even early European settlers.Pawpaws reportedly were a favorite treat of George Washington， the first U.S.president， who especially liked them cold.Thomas Jefferson， the third U.S.president， was also a fan of the fruit.He planted pawpaws at his home in Virginia.He also sent pawpaw seeds to his friends in France.American explorers Lewis and Clark wrote in their journals about the pawpaw.The pawpaw is difficult to be sold commercially.The fruit requires a very special environment—low， wet areas that sometimes flood.It has a very short harvest season， from two to three weeks in September and October.In addition， the fruit is good to eat for only two to three days after harvesting.This makes it hard to sell anywhere distant from the pawpaw tree it comes from.Planters are again growing pawpaw trees and harvesting the fruit.In several states farmers have organized “pawpaw festivals” to reintroduce people to food.At such a festival in Maryland recently， farmers displayed different products made with pawpaws， like pawpaw jams， pies， ice-cream and beer.The pawpaw used to be found mainly ().