2. Passage Twenty-EightOn November 19， 1863， Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery.The Civil War was still going on.There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time.He was not at all popular.He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness.The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett， a famous statesman and speaker of the day.Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg.Late that night， alone in his hotel room and tired out， he again worked briefly on the speech.The next day Everett spoke first.He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes.His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day.Then Lincoln rose.The crowd of 15，000 people at first paid little attention to him.He spoke for only nine minutes.At the end there was little applause.Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked， “I have failed again.” On the train back to Washington， he said sadly， “That speech was a flat failure， and the people are disappointed”.Some newspapers at first criticized the speech， but little by little as people read the speech， they began to understand better.They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning.It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.Today， every American school child learns Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address by heart.Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history.Lincoln was invited to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery because he was ().

1. Passage FourteenFor a long time， people have disagreed about whether golf is a sport or a game.On one side of the argument， people say that golf meets the dictionary definition of a sport， because it is a physical， athletic activity.They add that golf is recognized as a sport by sporting goods companies， athletic groups， fans， and the media.Also， golf’s inclusion in the Olympics in 2016 is more proof that it is a sport.On the other side， people say that golf is a game， not a sport.They say golf is not a very physical activity and can be played well by people who are overweight or injured.Also， golf was only recently added to the Olympics.For more than 100 years it was not included in the Olympic Games.For many， the Olympic Games serve as a measurement for whether an activity should be called a sport.Golf was first included in the Olympics in 1900.However， it was removed shortly thereafter because of a lack of participation and conflict with other golf events.Through the years， there were several attempts to bring golf back to the Olympics.It wasn’t until the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro， Brazil that golf returned.Some say the return of golf does not prove that it is a sport.Rather， it only proves that the Olympics wanted to benefit from the star power of famous golfers like Tiger Woods.The disagreement continues today.Those who think golf is a sport point to pro-golfers like Woods， who are strong and fit.Those who disagree point to golfers like John Daly.He is a successful pro-golfer who once had health problems.So is golf a sport? The answer depends on who you ask——and whether that person owns a set of golf clubs.All the following evidence is used to prove that golf is a sport EXCEPT ().

5. Passage ElevenDoctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion， unless you learn how to deal with it.They warn that anger can lead to heart disease， stomach problems， headaches， emotional problems and breast cancer.Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.Some people express anger openly in a calm and reasonable way.Others burst with anger， screaming and yelling.But still others keep their anger inside.They cannot or will not express it.This is called (repressing)anger.For years some doctors claim that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous.They say that in both situations the brain of an angry person releases the same hormones (荷尔蒙).They spend the heart rate， raise blood pressure or sugar level in the blood.As a result， the angry person feels excited and is ready to react.The violent reaction may lead to high blood pressure.However， some other doctors argue that repressing anger is more dangerous to a person’s health than expressing it.They believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of heart disease.Most doctors agree that it is important to learn how to deal with anger.They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and recognize the real cause of the anger， then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about.If so， you should not express your anger immediately and try to wait until your anger has cooled down， so that you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.They also believe that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry.After all， it is much healthier to laugh than to get angry.What is the tone of this passage?

33.Ever since the family moved to the suburbs last year， they ()better health.

A. 　could have enjoyed

B. 　had enjoyed

C. 　have been enjoying

D. 　are enjoying

32. Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Lao Zi once said， “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.” People-pleasing， or seeking self-worth through others’ approval， is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life.Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it’s true that you can’t please people all the time， wouldn’t it make sense to stop trying?Unfortunately， sense often isn’t driving our behavior.For social beings who desire love and belonging， wanting to be liked， and caring about the effect we have on others， is healthy and allows us to make connections.However， where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone’s approval or not.This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us: Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate， they are also trying to learn how the world works.We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others， so， to a four-year-old， if Mommy or Daddy doesn’t like him or her， there is the danger that they will abandon them.We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us， it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment.As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek， your need for external validation will start to vanish， leaving you stronger， more confident， and yes， happier in your life.Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrain our authentic selves in an effort to be liked.If we base our worth on the opinions of others， we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves， because ultimately， there is no difference.So embrace the cliché (老话)and love yourself as it’s highly doubtful that you’ll regret it.What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people’s approval?

A. 　Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled.

B. 　Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting.

C. 　Our identity as social beings will be affected.

D. 　Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced.

2. Passage Twenty-NineHow can we get rid of garbage (垃圾)? Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs? These are two important questions that many people are asking today.Some people think that man might be able to solve both problems at the same time.They suggest using garbage as an energy source， and at the same time it can save the land to hold garbage.For a long time， people buried garbage or dumped (倾倒)it on empty land.Now， empty land is scarce.But more and more garbage is produced each year.However， garbage can be a good fuel to use.The things in garbage do not look like coal， petroleum， or natural gas; but they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels.As we use up our fossil-fuel supplies， we might be able to use garbage as an energy source.Burning garbage is not a new idea.Some cities in Europe and the United States have been burning garbage for years.The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water.The steam that is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings.In Paris， France， some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the city’s garbage each year.The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil.Our fossil fuel supplies are limited.Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs.This method could also reduce the amount of garbage piling up on the earth.Which of the following is NOT the result of burning garbage?

47.From then on， a sound system of Party Committee meetings was()in all leading bodies.

A. 　constructed

B. 　instituted

C. 　confirmed

D. 　given up

20.Some women ()a good salary in a job instead of staying home， but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.

A. 　must make

B. 　should have made

C. 　would make

D. 　could have made

5. Passage Thirty-FiveTelevision has changed the lifestyle of people in every industrialized country in the world.In the United States， where sociologists have studied the effects， some interesting observations have been made.Television， although not essential， has become an important part of most people’s lives.It alters people’s ways of seeing the world; in many ways， it supports and sustains (维持)modern life.Television has become a baby-sitter， an introducer of conversations， the major transmitter of culture and a keeper of tradition.Yet when what can be seen on TV in one day is critically analyzed， it becomes evident that television is not a teacher but a sustainer; the poor quality of programming does not elevate (提高)people into greater understanding， but rather maintains and encourages the life as it exists.The primary reason for the lack of quality in American television is related to both the history of TV programming development and the economics of TV.Television in America began with the radio.Radio companies and their sponsors first experimented with television.Therefore， the close relationship which the advertisers had with radio programs became the system for American TV.Sponsors not only paid money for time within programs， but many actually produced the programs.Thus， in American society， television is primarily concerned with reflecting and attracting society rather than experimenting with new ideas.Advertisers want to attract the largest viewing audience possible.To do so requires that the programs be entertaining rather than educational， attractive rather than challenging.Television in America today remains， to a large extent， with the same organization and standards as it had thirty years ago.The hope for further development and true achievement toward improving society will require a change in the entire system.The author’s attitude towards American television is ().

37.Tom returned to his house after a holiday， only to find it ().

A. 　to be broken into

B. 　was broken into

C. 　had broken into

D. 　had been broken into

44.He has made it clear ()he will never go back on his word.

A. 　where

B. 　when

C. 　however

D. 　that