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2. Passage Thirty-ThreeWe all know that DNA has the ability to identify individuals but， because it is inherited， there are also regions of the DNA strand which can relate an individual to his or her family (immediate and extended)， tribal group and even an entire population.Molecular Genealogy (宗谱学)can use this unique identification provided by the genetic markers to link people together into family trees.Pedigrees (家谱)based on such genetic markers can mean a breakthrough for family trees where information is incomplete or missing due to adoption， illegitimacy or lack of records.There are many communities and populations which have lost precious records due to tragic events such as the fire in the Irish courts during Civil War in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place.The main objective of the Molecular Genealogy Research Group is to build a database containing over 100，000 DNA samples from individuals all over the world.These individuals will have provided a pedigree chart of at least four generations and a small blood sample.Once the database has enough samples to represent the world genetic make-up， it will eventually help in solving many issues regarding genealogies that could not be done by relying only on traditional written records.Theoretically， any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through this database.In the meantime， as the database is being created， molecular genealogy can already verify possible or suspected relationships between individuals.“For example， if two men sharing the same last name believe that they are related， but no written record proves this relationship， we can verify this possibility by collecting a sample of DNA from both and looking for common markers (in this case we can look primarily at the Y chromosome (染色体)，” explains Ugo Perego， a member of the BYU Molecular Genealogy research team.The possible research of family trees is based on the fact that ().

答案：C

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3. Passage FourteenFor a long time， people have disagreed about whether golf is a sport or a game.On one side of the argument， people say that golf meets the dictionary definition of a sport， because it is a physical， athletic activity.They add that golf is recognized as a sport by sporting goods companies， athletic groups， fans， and the media.Also， golf’s inclusion in the Olympics in 2016 is more proof that it is a sport.On the other side， people say that golf is a game， not a sport.They say golf is not a very physical activity and can be played well by people who are overweight or injured.Also， golf was only recently added to the Olympics.For more than 100 years it was not included in the Olympic Games.For many， the Olympic Games serve as a measurement for whether an activity should be called a sport.Golf was first included in the Olympics in 1900.However， it was removed shortly thereafter because of a lack of participation and conflict with other golf events.Through the years， there were several attempts to bring golf back to the Olympics.It wasn’t until the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro， Brazil that golf returned.Some say the return of golf does not prove that it is a sport.Rather， it only proves that the Olympics wanted to benefit from the star power of famous golfers like Tiger Woods.The disagreement continues today.Those who think golf is a sport point to pro-golfers like Woods， who are strong and fit.Those who disagree point to golfers like John Daly.He is a successful pro-golfer who once had health problems.So is golf a sport? The answer depends on who you ask——and whether that person owns a set of golf clubs.Which of the following statements about golf and the Olympics is true?

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2. Passage Thirty-OneAdam Smith was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor.He gave us an example of the process by which pins were made in England.“One man draws out the wire， another strengthens it， a third cuts it， a fourth points it， and a fifth gives it a head.Just to make the head requires two or three different operations.The work of making pins is divided into about eighteen different operations， which in some factories are all performed by different people， though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.”Ten men， Smith said， in this way， turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4，800 pins a worker.But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor， they certainly could not have made twenty pins in a day and not even one.There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work.Fewer people can make more pins.Adam Smith saw this， but he also took it for granted that division of labor is itself responsible for economic growth and development and it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still.But division of labor adds nothing new， it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.Adam Smith saw that the division of labor ().

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38.Tom never dreams of ()for him to study abroad in China so soon.

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37.Tom returned to his house after a holiday， only to find it ().

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4.After the guests left， she spent half an hour ()the sitting-room.

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39.The robot “teacher” was talking with his students as though it ()a human teacher.

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36.The reason ()he gives for not coming is that his mother won’t let him.

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1. Passage Twenty-TwoThough some people have suggested that women should return to housework in order to leave more jobs for men， the idea has been rejected by both women and men in public opinion polls (民意测验).Lately some union officials have suggested that too many women are employed in type of work more suitable for men and that women should step aside to make way for unemployed young men.They argue that women—especially women in their childbearing years actually delay economic development and result in lower productivity， poor quality and inefficiency.To solve the problem， they have suggested that the working women stay at home while their husbands or brothers were given double wages.They argue that under these circumstances， families would retain their same level of income， and women could run the house and raise children much better.The suggestion has been rejected by 9 out of 10 people polled.A hundred persons in a big city were questioned last summer.Out of 50 women， 46 said they were unwilling to leave their jobs， no matter what the situation was.The other 4 said they would like to return home if their jobs could be taken by their sons or daughters.Of 50 men polled， only 6 said they would like to see their wives give up their jobs， if it meant higher wages for themselves.Some other people have suggested another way called “phased employment theory”.The theory suggests that a woman worker take leave from her job when she is seven months pregnant (妊娠)and stay off the job until her baby reaches the age of 3.It suggests that women on leave receive 75 percent of their normal salary and be allowed to return to work after the 3-year period.This will benefit children， women， their families and the society.Some of those polled， both women and men， felt the idea is a good one.It definitely seems to be more acceptable than the suggestion that women return to home forever.Some union officials have suggested that women should return home because ().

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5. Passage ThirteenTrees are useful to man in three important ways: they provide him with wood and other products; they give him shade; and they help to prevent droughts and floods.Unfortunately， in many parts of the world， man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important.In his eagerness to make money from trees， he has cut them down in large numbers， only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had.And besides， he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees.So the forests slowly disappear.This does not only mean that man will have fewer trees.The results are even more serious: for where there are trees， their roots break up soil——allowing the rain to sink in——and also bind the soil， thus preventing it from being washed away easily; but where there are no trees， the rain falls on hard ground and flows away， causing floods and carrying away the rich topsoil.When all the topsoil is gone， nothing remains but worthless desert.Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships， with which to gain itself an empire.It set up the empire but， without its trees， its soil became poor and it grew weak.When the empire fell into pieces， there is nothing left except floods and starvation.What does the author tell us in this passage?

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3. Passage Twenty-SevenOut of all the students who enroll in a massive open online course (MOOC)， only about 5 percent complete the course and receive a certificate of accomplishment.This statistic is often cited as evidence that MOOCs are fatally flawed (有缺陷的)and offer little educational value to most students.Yet more than 80 percent of students who fill out a post-course survey say they met their primary objective.How do we look at these two facts? We’re used to focusing on completion rates in higher education， but they’re not the only—or even the most meaningful—indicator of engagement in open online courses.With no cost to enroll， no punishment for dropping out， and little reward for actually earning a certificate， MOOCs are fundamentally different from traditional classes—and students use them in fundamentally different ways.Data from more than 1.8 million students enrolled in 36 MOOCs offered by the University of Pennsylvania show that students treat MOOCs like a buffet (自助餐)， sampling the material according to their interests and career goals.Some are curious about the subject matter and just watch one or two video lectures; others use the discussion forums to connect with their intellectual peers around the world.Of all enrolled students， nearly 60 percent watch at least one video， complete at least one assignment， or post at least once in a forum.So focusing on the tiny fraction of students who complete a MOOC is misguided.The more important number is the 60 percent engagement rate.Students may not finish a MOOC with a certificate of accomplishment， but the courses nonetheless meet the educational goals of millions.According to Para.3， students choose MOOCs for the following reasons EXCEPT ().

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2. Passage Thirty-ThreeWe all know that DNA has the ability to identify individuals but， because it is inherited， there are also regions of the DNA strand which can relate an individual to his or her family (immediate and extended)， tribal group and even an entire population.Molecular Genealogy (宗谱学)can use this unique identification provided by the genetic markers to link people together into family trees.Pedigrees (家谱)based on such genetic markers can mean a breakthrough for family trees where information is incomplete or missing due to adoption， illegitimacy or lack of records.There are many communities and populations which have lost precious records due to tragic events such as the fire in the Irish courts during Civil War in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place.The main objective of the Molecular Genealogy Research Group is to build a database containing over 100，000 DNA samples from individuals all over the world.These individuals will have provided a pedigree chart of at least four generations and a small blood sample.Once the database has enough samples to represent the world genetic make-up， it will eventually help in solving many issues regarding genealogies that could not be done by relying only on traditional written records.Theoretically， any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through this database.In the meantime， as the database is being created， molecular genealogy can already verify possible or suspected relationships between individuals.“For example， if two men sharing the same last name believe that they are related， but no written record proves this relationship， we can verify this possibility by collecting a sample of DNA from both and looking for common markers (in this case we can look primarily at the Y chromosome (染色体)，” explains Ugo Perego， a member of the BYU Molecular Genealogy research team.The possible research of family trees is based on the fact that ().

答案：C