4. Passage 8 Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years)， children are encouraged， but not forced， to ―leave the nest‖ and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children， nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married. Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses through other friends， at jobs， and in organizations and religious institutions. Although children choose their own spouses， they still hope their parents will approve of their choices. In many families， parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his father‘s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father‘s workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family. Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self – reliance and independence. A son is unwilling to work in his father‘s business mainly because( ).

37.Tom( )communicating with others. But now he is quite sociable.

A. 　is used to have problems

B. 　 used to have problems

C. 　 is used to having problems

D. 　 used to having problems

154.Carine is not in the( )for going to the ball tonight.

A. 　condition

B. 　 temper

C. 　 mood

D. 　 motion

5. Passage 17 Since we are social beings， the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human conditions is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with life changes and daily hassles. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses， from depression to heart disease， reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off illness， and the absence of such support makes poor health likely. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First， friends， relatives， and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second， other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third， we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally， other people may give us instrumental support ― financial aid， material resources and needed services — that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems. Social companionship is beneficial in that( ).

A. 　it helps strengthen our ties with relatives

B. 　it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyable

C. 　it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakes

D. 　it draws our attention away from our worries and trouble

129.After he retired from office， Rogers( )painting for a while， but soon lost interest.

A. 　took up

B. 　 save up

C. 　 kept up

D. 　 drew up

103.The whole class( )laughing when Tom came into the classroom dressed up like Santa Claus.

A. 　put right

B. 　 burst out

C. 　 foul up

D. 　 bear down on

79.Her angeraway when she read his letter of apology.

A. 　eliminated

B. 　 dispensed

C. 　 overtook

D. 　 melted

122.I objected( )the meeting without him.

A. 　to have

B. 　 to having

C. 　 having

D. 　 have

159.It was a very( )meeting; we made a lot of important policies.

A. 　fruit

B. 　 fruitless

C. 　 fruitful

D. 　 fruitiness

188.Make sure you‘ve got the passports and tickets and( )before you leave.

A. 　something

B. 　 anything

C. 　 Everything

D. 　 nothing

4. Passage 15 There is a commonly held myth that Einstein was an underachiever at school， but it really isn＇t true. While he may have had difficulties with languages， Einstein excelled in physics， mathematics and music. Einstein held many patents and was a keen inventor. While working at Swiss patent office in Bern he took it upon himself to write his own scientific papers in his spare time， mostly at weekends and in the evenings after work. 1905 was Einstein＇s miracle year. During this year he wrote three fundamental papers， any of which would have guaranteed him immortality in the world of physics. His first was on a new understanding of the structure of light. Einstein argued that light is composed of small particles of energy， called photons， as well as oscillating waves. The second paper built upon the theory of kinetics. Einstein explained how atoms were responsible for the buffeting of particles of material in suspension， like cigarette smoke suspended in air. This paper presented the first direct evidence for the existence of atoms， vindicating an idea that had been around for over 2000 years. His third paper of 1905 was ―On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies‖. Here Einstein derived the theory of ―special relativity‖. In a supplementary paper four months later， he formulated the famous equation， E=mc2， where mass and energy are equivalent， showing that a very small amount of mass converts to a huge amount of energy. This is the driving force behind atomic bombs， and all the stars in the Universe. Which theory did Einstein put forward in the third paper mentioned above?

A. 　Kinetics.

B. 　 Electrodynamics.

C. 　 Special relativity.

D. 　 Not mentioned.