4. Passage 14 Shortly after graduation， it is time for you to start the next phase of your life. You will begin your first “real job.” Generally speaking， most of what you have learned in school will not prepare you for this. There is a big difference between being a student and being an employee. Certainly， more will be expected of you. The best career-related advice I ever received came from my former boss on my first day of work. She told me to listen and observe before suggesting any changes. I took that advice and have used it in other situations， both in and out of the workplace. While innovation is a good thing， it is important to be mindful of dynamics of the workplace. If you are entering an environment where routines are already in place， a newcomer walking in and talking about “better ways” to do things， will often be met with negative reactions. Why? First， you know nothing about why they do things the way they do. Second， you haven＇t gained the trust of your co-workers. Finally， people， by nature， are threatened by changes. By listening and observing， you will gain a lot. You will learn about the environment of which you are now a part. You will find out more about the people you are working with. You may save yourself from making a major， public mistake—you are the new kid on the block while your co-workers have been around longer. You can learn from their collective experience. By listening and observing， you can.

3. Passage 1 The secret of being born lucky is a summer birthday， with May babies most likely to enjoy a lifetime‘s good fortune， according to a study of more than 40，000 people. The time of year at which you are born has an enduring influence on levels of optimism and self-reported luck， according to a research by British and Swedish scientists. May was the luckiest month in which to be born， with 50 percent of those born then considering themselves lucky， while October was the least lucky month， with just 43 percent claiming good fortune. The findings add to growing evidence that the phenomenon of luck is not all down to chance， but is affected by a person‘s general disposition. Other research has shown that whether people think themselves fortunate depends less on objective success than on having a ―glass half-full‖ or ―half-empty‖ approach to life. ―What we are seeing suggests that something is influencing how people perceive their luckiness. My hypothesis is that people create their own luck by traits such as optimism， that luck is a psychological phenomenon rather than a matter of blind chance，‖ said Professor Richard Wiseman， who led the research. The pattern of the result， with those born in spring and in summer reporting themselves luckier than those born in autumn or winter， could have two potential explanations， Professor Wiseman said. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. 　Optimistic people tend to be luckier.

B. 　Devoted people tend to be luckier.

C. 　Objective success is more important than one‘s general disposition in feeling lucky.

D. 　People drinking more water tend to be luckier.

152.Eye( )is very important when delivering a speech in public.

A. 　touch

B. 　 sight

C. 　 sign

D. 　 contact

162.I work as an( )in that firm last summer.

A. 　intern

B. 　 internship

C. 　 interned

D. 　 interning

1. Passage 16 Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people， but I also explain that there‘s a big difference between ―being a writer‖， and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame， not the long hours alone at a typewriter. ―You‘ve got to want to write，‖ I say to them， ―not want to be a writer.‖ The reality is that writing is a lonely， private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune， there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer， I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me a place in a New York apartment building. It didn‘t even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer. After a year or so， however， I still hadn‘t gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn‘t going to be one of those people who die wondering – what if I would keep putting my dream to the last even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the Shadowland of hope， and anyone with a dream must learn to live there. The passage is meant to .

A. 　 warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experience

B. 　 advise young people to give up their idea of becoming a professional writer

C. 　 show young people it‘s unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealth and fame

D. 　 encourage young people to pursue a writing career

3. Passage 7 Greek soldiers sent messages by turning their shields toward the sun. The flashes reflected light could be seen several miles away. The enemy did not know what the flashes meant， but other Greek soldiers could understand the message. Roman soldiers in some places built long rows of signal towers. When they had a message to send， the soldiers shouted it from tower to tower. If there were enough towers and soldiers with loud voices， important news could be sent quickly over distance. In Africa， people learn to send messages by beating on a series of large drums. Each drum was kept within hearing distance of the next one. The drum beats were sent out in a special way that all the drummers understood. Though the messages were simple， they could be sent at great speed for hundreds of miles. In the eighteenth century， a French engineer found a new way to send short messages. In this way， a person held a flag in each hand and the arms were moved to various positions representing different letters of the alphabet. It was like spelling out words with flags and arms. Over a long period of time， people sent messages by all these different ways. However， not until the telephone was invented in America in the nineteenth century could people send speeches sounds over a great distance in just a few seconds. The African way of communication sent messages( ).

A. 　with arms.

B. 　over a very short distance

C. 　by a musical instrument

D. 　at a rather slow speed

3. Passage 6 Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called ―One On One‖ helps elementary students who‘ve fallen behind. Your education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching， that is， tutoring in Math and English. You‘d have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose help a child with Math， English， or both. Half-hour lesson are fine， so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors ---- he‘ll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I‘m sure you will enjoy this community service and you‘ll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume， too， showing that you‘ve had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you‘d like to sign up， or if you have any questions， stop by Professor Dodge‘s office this week. What does Professor Dodge do?

A. 　He advices students to participate in the special program.

B. 　He teaches part-time in an elementary school.

C. 　He observes elementary school students in the classroom.

D. 　He helps students prepare their resumes.

4. Passage 17 Since we are social beings， the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human conditions is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with life changes and daily hassles. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses， from depression to heart disease， reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off illness， and the absence of such support makes poor health likely. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First， friends， relatives， and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second， other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third， we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. Finally， other people may give us instrumental support ― financial aid， material resources and needed services — that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of( ).

A. 　informational support

B. 　social companionship

C. 　instrumental support

D. 　the strengthening of self-respect

165.The past three decades ( )worldwide. great changes in people‘s clothing， food， housing and traffic

A. 　wit

B. 　 witness

C. 　 witnessed

D. 　 witnessing

4. Passage 12 More and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It is fun， healthy and good for the environment. Maybe that‘s why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on roads worldwide today. Bikes can take you almost anywhere， and there is no oil cost! Get on a bicycle and ride around your neighborhood. You may discover something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your car. You can bike to work and benefit from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You don‘t even have to ride all the way. Folding bikes work well for people who ride the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle-friendly to travelers. Health Benefits of Bicycling: It helps to prevent heart diseases. It helps to control your weight. A 15-minute bike ride to and from work three times a week burns off five kilos of fat in a year. It can improve your mood. Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better， more relaxed and self-confident. Bicycling is healthier than driving. One of the benefits from bicycling is that( ).

A. 　you can fold the bicycle

B. 　 you will be friendly to others

C. 　 you will be more relaxed

D. 　 you may get fatter and fatter

2. Passage 14 Shortly after graduation， it is time for you to start the next phase of your life. You will begin your first “real job.” Generally speaking， most of what you have learned in school will not prepare you for this. There is a big difference between being a student and being an employee. Certainly， more will be expected of you. The best career-related advice I ever received came from my former boss on my first day of work. She told me to listen and observe before suggesting any changes. I took that advice and have used it in other situations， both in and out of the workplace. While innovation is a good thing， it is important to be mindful of dynamics of the workplace. If you are entering an environment where routines are already in place， a newcomer walking in and talking about “better ways” to do things， will often be met with negative reactions. Why? First， you know nothing about why they do things the way they do. Second， you haven＇t gained the trust of your co-workers. Finally， people， by nature， are threatened by changes. By listening and observing， you will gain a lot. You will learn about the environment of which you are now a part. You will find out more about the people you are working with. You may save yourself from making a major， public mistake—you are the new kid on the block while your co-workers have been around longer. You can learn from their collective experience. What is the best career-related suggestion according to the author?

A. 　Suggesting new changes to show your creative talents.

B. 　Obeying the routines that are already in place.

C. 　Listening and watching carefully before making suggestions of any change.

D. 　People， by nature， always welcome new changes.