3. Passage 15 There is a commonly held myth that Einstein was an underachiever at school， but it really isn＇t true. While he may have had difficulties with languages， Einstein excelled in physics， mathematics and music. Einstein held many patents and was a keen inventor. While working at Swiss patent office in Bern he took it upon himself to write his own scientific papers in his spare time， mostly at weekends and in the evenings after work. 1905 was Einstein＇s miracle year. During this year he wrote three fundamental papers， any of which would have guaranteed him immortality in the world of physics. His first was on a new understanding of the structure of light. Einstein argued that light is composed of small particles of energy， called photons， as well as oscillating waves. The second paper built upon the theory of kinetics. Einstein explained how atoms were responsible for the buffeting of particles of material in suspension， like cigarette smoke suspended in air. This paper presented the first direct evidence for the existence of atoms， vindicating an idea that had been around for over 2000 years. His third paper of 1905 was ―On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies‖. Here Einstein derived the theory of ―special relativity‖. In a supplementary paper four months later， he formulated the famous equation， E=mc2， where mass and energy are equivalent， showing that a very small amount of mass converts to a huge amount of energy. This is the driving force behind atomic bombs， and all the stars in the Universe. What effect did Einstein‘s second paper have?

3. Passage 3 Dieting to lose weight has become very popular in recent years. People have become more health conscious and try to take better care of their bodies by eating more nutritiously and exercising more regularly to lose any unnecessary fat that they may have. Not only are people being more careful about what they eat， they are also concerned with how they eat and how their meals are prepared. People are taking more time for each meal. Many avoid the so called ―plastic‖ fast-food hamburgers and choose to eat a salad or a sandwich of more healthful ingredients(成分) in a quiet restaurant with a more leisurely atmosphere. At home， they also try to take enough time to eat a relaxing dinner without phone or TV interruptions. While dieting may be viewed as beneficial， it has also become a serious problem for Americans， particularly for young women. Dieting for them has actually become a psychological addiction( 依 赖 ). They eat so little that they can lose as much as fifty percent of their total body weight， and although they look like skeletons， they still insist that they are fat. The current waves of exercising， dieting and the problems produced have caused many organizations to begin educating the public. Many schools， hospitals， health organizations， newspapers and magazines， for example， are offering classes， printing booklet articles， etc. to inform the public of the way to exercise and diet， of the dangers of dieting too rapidly， and of the places people can go for medical help if they find themselves on the road to ―diet addiction‖.―They look like skeletons‖ in the third paragraph most probably means( ).

A. 　they are very pretty

B. 　they are very ugly

C. 　they are too thin

D. 　they are starving

3. Passage 16 Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always encourage such people， but I also explain that there‘s a big difference between ―being a writer‖， and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame， not the long hours alone at a typewriter. ―You‘ve got to want to write，‖ I say to them， ―not want to be a writer.‖ The reality is that writing is a lonely， private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune， there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U.S. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer， I had no prospects at all. What I did have was a friend who found me a place in a New York apartment building. It didn‘t even matter that it was cold and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a genuine writer. After a year or so， however， I still hadn‘t gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn‘t going to be one of those people who die wondering – what if I would keep putting my dream to the last even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure. This is the Shadowland of hope， and anyone with a dream must learn to live there. Why did the author begin to doubt himself after the first year of his writing career?

A. 　 He wasn‘t able to produce a single book.

B. 　 He hadn‘t seen a change for the better.

C. 　 He wasn‘t able to have a rest for a whole year.

D. 　 He found his dream would never come true.

3. Passage 20 Clifford Stoll ran a computer system in Berkelely， California. As a system administrator， he kept a close eye on the records. One day， Stoll found something strange in the payment record. There was a 75 cents mistake. One of the thousands of users had used the system for 75 worth of time and not paid for it. It might sound like very little money to worry about. But that 75 cents was the first clue Stoll had to a much bigger problem — that a hacker(黑客)had broken into Stoll‘s computer system. Who was it? Stoll spent the next year trying to find out. During that time the hacker used the system in Berkelely as a starting point to break into military computer systems all over the United States. Stoll had to keep track of the hacker‘s activities on the computer without the hacker‘s knowing someone was watching him. Stoll even made up huge files of false information so the hacker would have lots to read. When the hacker spent long time reading， the telephone company was able to trace the lines. After a year， the hacker was traced back to his computer — in Germany. He was later caught by the German police. Stoll was concerned about a 75 cents mistake because( ).

A. 　every cent was important to the company

B. 　it might lead to a greater loss for the company

C. 　he was afraid the computer system might break down some day

D. 　he realized someone had broken into the computer system

4. Passage 4 Do you know who Benjamin Banneker was and what he did? Benjamin Banneker was a self-educated scientist at a time when most African Americans were slaves. Born a free black man in the British Colony of Maryland in 1731， he received some formal education， but he mostly borrowed books and taught himself science and mathematics. At 22， he borrowed a pocket watch， and without any training， figured out how to carve a working wooden clock that chimed each hour. Because of this clock， he became well known and people would visit him just to see his creation. Banneker ran his family farm from many years， but when he was in his late 50s， a neighbor‘s son lent him a telescope. He became interested in astronomy， the study of the planets and stars， and again taught himself a new science. He made calculations of tides， sunrises and sunsets， and even predicted an eclipse. For several years he published an almanac of these calculations. Today， he is best known for publishing six almanacs， called ―Benjamin Banneker‘s Almanac‖ between 1792 and 1797. In the 1790s， Banneker also helped survey and lay out the land for Washington， D. C.， which became the nation‘s capital. For a look at Banneker‘s amazing life， visit the Benjamin Banneker Historical Park & Museum in Ellicott City， Maryland. The word ―almanac‖ (Line 5， Para. 2) probably means.

A. 　a book

B. 　 an object

C. 　 a survey

D. 　 a diary

196.Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to .

A. 　light up

B. 　 give in

C. 　 be turned on

D. 　 go out

12.We have to get that car fixed( ).

A. 　no matter it costs how much

B. 　 no matter how much costs it

C. 　 no matter how much it costs

D. 　 no matter how much does it cost

4. Passage 13 The favorite food in the United States is hamburger. The favorite place to buy a hamburger is a fast food restaurant. At a fast food restaurant， people order their food， wait a few minutes， and carry it to their tables themselves. People also take their food out of the restaurant and eat it in their cars or in their homes. At some fast food restaurants， people can order their food， pay for it and pick it up without leaving their cars. There are many kinds of fast food restaurants in the United States. The greatest in number sell hamburgers， French fries and so on. They are popular food among Americans. Besides， Italian food， chicken， seafood and ice-cream are very popular， too. The idea of a fast food restaurant is so popular that nearly every kind of food can be found in one. Fast food restaurants are popular because they reflect American life style. Customers can wear any type of dress when they go to a fast food place. Second， they are fast. People who are busy do not want to spend time preparing their own food or waiting while someone prepares it. In fast food restaurants the food is usually ready before the customer even orders it. Finally most food in a fast food restaurant is not expensive. Therefore people are able to buy and eat at a fast food restaurant often， while they may not be able to go to a more expensive restaurant very often. Is the food in fast food restaurants always ready before the customers order it?

A. 　Yes， it is.

B. 　 No， it is seldom ready.

C. 　 Yes， it is cooked to order.

D. 　 No， not always， but usually.

1. Passage 1 The secret of being born lucky is a summer birthday， with May babies most likely to enjoy a lifetime‘s good fortune， according to a study of more than 40，000 people. The time of year at which you are born has an enduring influence on levels of optimism and self-reported luck， according to a research by British and Swedish scientists. May was the luckiest month in which to be born， with 50 percent of those born then considering themselves lucky， while October was the least lucky month， with just 43 percent claiming good fortune. The findings add to growing evidence that the phenomenon of luck is not all down to chance， but is affected by a person‘s general disposition. Other research has shown that whether people think themselves fortunate depends less on objective success than on having a ―glass half-full‖ or ―half-empty‖ approach to life. ―What we are seeing suggests that something is influencing how people perceive their luckiness. My hypothesis is that people create their own luck by traits such as optimism， that luck is a psychological phenomenon rather than a matter of blind chance，‖ said Professor Richard Wiseman， who led the research. The pattern of the result， with those born in spring and in summer reporting themselves luckier than those born in autumn or winter， could have two potential explanations， Professor Wiseman said. According to the passage， whether people think themselves lucky or not depends on the following factors EXCEPT( ).

A. 　one‘s objective success

B. 　one‘s general disposition

C. 　one‘s attitude to life

D. 　one‘s place of birth

70.While professors are taking about economic theories， businesspeople are more ( )about profits.

A. 　nervous

B. 　 conceived

C. 　 concerned

D. 　 confirmed

14.In school days I( )all the way to the school， but would sometimes take the bus when it rained.

A. 　used to walk

B. 　 used to walking

C. 　 was used to walk

D. 　 would use to walk