A、 对
B、 错
答案：B
解析：答案解析:基于资源配置的效率与公平来看,政府在市场中实施价格上限、价格下限及生产配额,既不满足效率的标准(MB≠MC,有效率损失,存在着Deadweight loss),也不完全符合公平的标准。
A、 对
B、 错
答案：B
解析：答案解析:基于资源配置的效率与公平来看,政府在市场中实施价格上限、价格下限及生产配额,既不满足效率的标准(MB≠MC,有效率损失,存在着Deadweight loss),也不完全符合公平的标准。
A. 20
B. 50
C. 90
D. 70
E. 40
解析：答案解析:解题思路:本题重在考察对总效用与边际效用概念的识记、理解及应用。基于基数效用论的观点,效用可以通过加总求和来度量。因此,某消费者消费商品的总效用,加总其从每单位商品得到的效用即可。而多增加一单位商品的消费所增加的效用叫边际效用,把这些边际效用加总也得到总效用。本题中,三袋椒盐卷饼的总效用=40+30+20=90(尤特尔),故本题选C选项。详见教材p.264-268.
A. If the efficient quantity is produced,the sum of consumer and producer surplus will be maximized[如果生产出有效的数量,消费者和生产者的剩余之和将最大化].
B. If 6 million pairs of pants are produced, the deadweight loss is zero[如果生产600万条裤子,无谓损失为零].
C. If the production of the pants results in an external cost from pollution that is the result of the dye used, then fwer than 6 million pairs is the efficient quantity[如果裤子的生产会因所用染料造成的污染而产生外部成本,那么不到600万双是有效的数量].
D. If the government subsidizes the production of pants so that production expands from 6 million pairs to 7 million pairs,there would be no deadweight loss[如果政府补贴裤子的生产,使产量从600万条增加到700万条,就不会有无谓的损失].
E. If the efficient quantity is produced,the sum of consumer and producer surplus will be minimized[如果生产出有效的数量,消费者和生产者的剩余之和将最小化].
解析：答案解析:如果按照MB=MC确定的数量生产则是有效的,此时,消费者和生产者剩余是最大化的,不存在经济的无谓损失。故选项AB正确而选项E错误。如果生产中由于污染释放了额外成本,那么生产的数量将小于原先的有效数量(MSC=MPC+MEC),故选项C是正确的。如果政府对生产者进行补贴,则将导致生产太多从而引起经济无谓损失,故短期D错误。
A. 对
B. 错
解析：答案解析:任何一种资源,如果其用途是唯一的,即没有自用用途,只有供给市场,那么其供给曲线通常是垂直的。土地的供给是特殊的,因其一定时期内数量固定,故其供给曲线亦是垂直的。也就是说,一定时期固定数量的土地,只是其供给曲线垂直的必要而非充分条件。
A. Based on the figure above, international trade leads to a net loss of surplus of $60 million[根据上l图,国际贸易导致盈余净亏损6000万美元].
B. Based on the figure above, as a result of international trade, consumer surplus increases by $150 million,producer surplus decreases by $90 million[根据上图,由于国际贸易,消费者剩余增加了1.5亿美元,生产者剩余减少了9000万美元].
C. In the figure above, with international trade the United States imports 40 million T-shirts per year[在上图中,通过国际贸易,美国每年进口4000万件T恤].
D. Based on the figure above, as a result of international trade, U.S. domestic production decreases by 20 million T-shirts per year[根据上图,国际贸易的结果使美国国内的T恤产量每年减少了2000万件].
E. In the figure above, with international trade U.S. consumers buy 60 million T-shirts per year at $5 per T-shirt[在上图中,有了国际贸易,美国消费者每年以每件5美元的价格购买6000万件T恤].
解析：答案解析:Based on the figure above, as a result of international trade, consumer surplus increases by $150 million,producer surplus decreases by $90 million[根据上图,由于国际贸易,消费者剩余增加了1.5亿美元,生产者剩余减少了9000万美元].; In the figure above, with international trade the United States imports 40 million T-shirts per year[在上图中,通过国际贸易,美国每年进口4000万件T恤].; Based on the figure above, as a result of international trade, U.S. domestic production decreases by 20 million T-shirts per year[根据上图,国际贸易的结果使美国国内的T恤产量每年减少了2000万件].; In the figure above, with international trade U.S. consumers buy 60 million T-shirts per year at $5 per T-shirt[在上图中,有了国际贸易,美国消费者每年以每件5美元的价格购买6000万件T恤].;
A. 5 units
B. 20 units
C. 35 units
D. 30 units
E. None of the above answers is correct[以上答案都不正确].
解析：答案解析:解题思路:本题重在考察对总效用与边际效用概念的识记、理解及应用。基于基数效用论的观点,效用可以通过加总求和来度量。因此,某消费者消费商品的总效用,加总其从每单位商品得到的效用即可。而多增加一单位商品的消费所增加的效用叫边际效用,把这些边际效用加总也得到总效用。本题中,消费者消费三个单位的总效用=20+10+5=35(尤特尔),故本题选C选项。详见教材p.264-268.
A. 对
B. 错
解析：答案解析:详见教材p.180.个人之间运用比较优势的原理同样适用于国家之间,Ᵽ推动国际贸易的基础力量是比较优势Ɽ。比较优势比较的是机会成本,谁的机会成本低谁就拥有比较优势。
A. If a consumer's total utility increases when another unit of a good is consumed. Marginal utility must be negative[如果消费者的总效用在消费另一单位商品时增加。边际效用必须为负].
B. Diminishing marginal utility means that as more of a good is consumed,the utility of an additional unit decreases[边际效用递减意味着随着商品消费的增加,额外单位的效用也会下降].
C. If a consumer's total utility increases when another unit of a good is consumed. Marginal utility must be positive[如果消费者的总效用在消费另一单位商品时增加。边际效用必须是正的].
D. The marginal utility of the second quart of ice cream is 60[第二夸脱冰淇淋的边际效用是60].
E. The marginal utility of the third quart of ice cream is 60[第三夸脱冰淇淋的边际效用是60].
解析：答案解析:结合所学相关章节知识,仔细观察和运用图表便可选出正确答案。MU大于0,TU增加;MU小于0,TU下降;MU=0,TU最大。
A. many suppliers each producing an identical product[许多供应商各自生产相同的产品].
B. no barriers to entry[无进入壁垒].
C. many substitutes[有很多替代品].
D. many suppliers each producing a slightly different product[许多供应商各自生产的产品略有不同].
E. one supplier[一家供应商].
解析：答案解析:垄断市场存在进入的壁垒,新厂商想进入很多困难(几乎不可能);从厂商的数量上看,只有一家厂商;唯一的产品且无任何相近的替代品。
A. Left to itself without any government intervention, a competitive market would create a deadweight loss equal to the area b + d【如果没有任何政府干预,一个有竞争力的市场将造成相当于b+d面积的无谓损失】.
B. The efficient quantity of education is 4 million students【有效的教育数量是400万学生】.
C. Left to itself without any government intervention, a competitive market would create a deadweight loss equal to the area b + c【如果没有任何政府干预,一个有竞争力的市场将造成相当于b+c区域的无谓损失】.
D. The efficient quantity of education is 6 million students【有效的教育数量是600万学生】.
E. Left to itself without any government intervention, a competitive market would create a deadweight loss equal to the area a + c【如果没有任何政府干预,一个有竞争力的市场将造成相当于a+c面积的无谓损失】.
解析：答案解析::The efficient quantity of education is 6 million students【有效的教育数量是600万学生】.; Left to itself without any government intervention, a competitive market would create a deadweight loss equal to the area a + c【如果没有任何政府干预,一个有竞争力的市场将造成相当于a+c面积的无谓损失】.;
A. 对
B. 错
解析：答案解析:个人或国家间的专业化生产与贸往来易是基于大卫•李嘉图[英]提出的相对优势理论(Comparative Advantage)。
