2、Believe it or not,optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes,called chevrons (人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are,and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan's success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents,the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed - related hazards are the greatest - curves,exit slopes,traffic circles,and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight,horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However,traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars. Chevrons,scientists say,not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.

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1.49The ()【far】away we are from our motherland, the(【much】we miss her.

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1.37We can accept your order () payment is made in advance.

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10、It is often said that politeness costs nothing. In fact, it seems that a little more politeness could save businesses￡5 billion every year. Frequently hearing the phrase” thank you” or” well done” means the same to staff as modest pay rise. Praise and encouragement also makes employees more likely to work hard and stay in their jobs. In this way the business companies can save the cost of finding new employees. A third of 1,000 workers surveyed by a consulting firm said they did not get thanked at all when they did well一and a further third said they were not thanked enough. In both cases,staff said they felt undervalued,meaning they were less likely to exert themselves and were more likely to look for employment elsewhere. The result of the survey shows that there would be around￡5.2 billion loss in productivity if the employees felt less appreciated. According to the firm,praising staff has the same positive effect as a 1 per cent pay rise—and works out much cheaper for bosses. Three out of four employees said that regular acknowledgement by their bosses was important to them, but only a quarter said they were actually given as much praise as they felt they needed. The survey found that those in blue-collar and manual jobs were less likely to be given any recognition for doing well. But it seems that they most need such praise. In regional terms,Scottish staff felt most undervalued. Four out of ten workers said they were never thanked and eight out of ten said they would like more praise. However, workers in the North-East are less impressed by being praised by the boss,as only 69 per cent said they felt the need to be told ”well done”regularly. Older employees and women need the most reassurance,according to psychologist Averil Leimon. She said that words of praise did more than creating a pleasant place to work—they could even promote profits.

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