3. Passage Ten Nowadays， children heavily cling to digital devices such as computers and smart phones. Some spend up to six hours a day on their digital devices. They can be playing games online with people elsewhere， updating their status on social media， texting friends， or looking for the latest apps to download to their computers or smart phones. This worried Martin Strott. He is the headmaster of the Old Hall School in Wellington， England. He was so concerned that he challenged his students to take part in a week of 【 “digital】 【detox”】， a program to reduce their reliance on digital devices. Mr. Strott told the local newspaper， the Shropshire Star， that too much screen time would affect the development of their social skills. At another interview with a magazine， he mentioned that this over-reliance on digital devices “takes away family time and reduces their chances of face-to-face communication” . The parents are happy with the program. But what about the children? Nine-year-old Fred usually spends around two hours on his digital devices at home after school and around 12 hours on weekends. For him， the digital detox experience was “really hard” . He said that he had been engaged in many interesting outdoor activities organized by the headmaster， but still missed his phone and online games. The idea of keeping children away from their digital devices for a while to prevent too much dependence on them is not particularly new. There have been similar practices in the United States. But are they effective in the long run? According to Mr. Strott， even if kids go back to their digital devices， the hope is that at least they will think about how they will use their time. The Shropshire Star is ( ) .

38. He failed to supply the facts relevant (_____)_ the case i question.

A. 　 for

B. 　 with

C. 　 to

D. 　 of

33. Early in the day came the news (_____)_ Germany had declared war on Russia.

A. 　 which

B. 　 what

C. 　 that

D. 　 whose

2. Passage Four Did your mum and dad go to university， or did they leave school and go straight to the Job Centre? The educational experience of parents is still important when it comes to how today’s students choose an area of study and what to do after graduation， according to the Future-track research in the UK. The research was done by the Higher Education Careers Service Unit. It plans to follow university applicants for six years from 2006 through their early careers. The first year’s findings come from a study of 130，000 university applicants. They show significant differences in prospective students’ approach to higher education， depending on whether their parents got degrees 【second-generation applicants】 or didn’t 【first-generation applicants】. First-generation applicants were more likely to say that their career and employment prospects were uppermost in their minds in deciding to go to university. About one-fifth of this group gave “to enable me to get a good job” as their main reason for choosing high education. And 37 percent said that a degree was “part of my career plan” . A young person coming from a non-professional household where finances are stretched may find the idea of learning for its own sake to be a luxury. This explains the explosion in vocational course. At Portsmouth University， first-year student Kim Burnett， 19， says that she specifically chose her degree in health research management and psychology to get a secure， well-paid job. Harriet Edge， 20， studying medicine at Manchester University， also wanted job security. Her parents lacked college degrees， though the fact that her uncle is a doctor appears to have influenced her choice. “Medicine is one of those fields where it’s pretty likely you’ll get a job at the end. That’s a big plus， as the debt levels after five years of study are going to be frightening，” she says. Many experts believe that this situation affects those with no family tradition of higher education far more keenly. The fact that 26 percent of respondents said that they needed more advice implies that some students may end up feeling that their higher education investment was not worthwhile. For those with graduate parents， this lack of guidance may， the researchers suggest， be less of a problem. “But， for those without the advantages， lack of access to career guidance before applying for higher education leaves them exposed to making poorer choices，” the survey concludes. A young person coming from a non-professional household ( ) .

A. is less likely to get financial aid to go to university

B. is more likely to choose vocational education

C. may think learning for pleasure is a good idea

D. may choose to study for a professional degree

39. The police are suspicious (_____)_ making plans for the summer vacation.

A. 　 to

B. 　 at

C. 　 on

D. 　 of

31. In the densely() part of the country, the problem of air pollution must be solved.

A. 　 populous

B. 　 population

C. 　 popular

D. 　 populated

46. I got to the airport, (_____)_ that the plane had left ten minutes before.

A. 　 only to find

B. 　 to only find

C. 　 only having found

D. 　 only found

39. I apologize for (_____)_ my promise.

A. 　 not having kept

B. 　 being kept

C. 　 not to have kept

D. 　 having not kept

5. Passage Fourteen For a long time， people have disagreed about whether golf is a sport or a game. On one side of the argument， people say that golf meets the dictionary definition of a sport， because it is a physical， athletic activity. They add that golf is recognized as a sport by sporting goods companies， athletic groups， fans， and the media. Also， golf’s inclusion in the Olympics in 2016 is more proof that it is sport. On the other side， people say that golf is a game， not a sport. They say golf is not a very physical activity and can be played well by people who are overweight or injured. Also， golf was only recently added to the Olympics. For more than 100 years it was not included in the Olympic Games. For many， the Olympic Games serve as a measurement for whether an activity should be called a sport. Golf was first included in the Olympics in 1900. However， it was removed shortly thereafter because of a lack of participation and conflict with other golf events. Through the years， there were several attempts to bring golf back to the Olympics. It wasn’t until the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro， Brazil that golf returned. Some say the return of golf does not prove that it is a sport. Rather， it only proves that the Olympics wanted to benefit from the star power of famous golfers like Tiger Woods. The disagreement continues today. Those who think golf is a sport point to pro-golfers like Woods， who are strong and fit. Those who disagree point to golfers like John Daly. He is a successful pro-golfer who once had health problems. So is golf a sport? The answer depends on who you ask——and whether that person owns a set of golf clubs.The author seems to suggest in the last paragraph that ( ) .

A. golf is a game

B. golf is a sport

C. golf is both a game and a sport

D. there is no definite answer

5. Passage Twenty-Four Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas， more disagreements in interest， and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition， there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways， there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory， they are at least customary and undisputed. Within a society， social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material， for example， in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements. Furthermore， social change is easier if it is gradual. For example， it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies ( 一分为二). This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black American as compared to other American minorities， because of the sharp difference in “appearance between them and their white counterparts” .Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because ( ) .

A. people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to change

B. people there have identical needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty

C. people there are easy to please

D. people there are less disputed

2. Passage Nine Today anyone will accept money in exchange for goods and services. People use money to buy food， furniture， books， bicycles and hundreds of others they need or want. When they work， they usually get paid in money. Most of the money today is made of metal or paper. But people used to use all kinds of things as money. One of the first kinds of money was shells. Shells were not the only things used as money. In China， cloth and knives were used. In the Philippine Islands， rice was used as money. In some parts of Africa， cattle were one of the earliest kinds of money. Other animals were used as money， too. The first metal coins were made in China. They were round and had a square hole in the center. People strung them together and carried them from place to place. Different countries have used different metals and designs for their money. The first coins in England were made of tin. Sweden and Russia used copper to make their money. Later， other countries began to make coins of gold and silver. But even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy something expensive. Again， the Chinese thought of a way to improve money. They began to use paper money. The first paper money looked more like a note from one person to another than paper money used today. Money has had an interesting history from the days of shell money until today. Where were shells used as money in history?

A. In the Philippines.

B. In China.

C. In Africa.

D. We don’t know.